By Mahfuz Ahmad
Hamzah at the beginning of words:
Hazmatul Wasl:
- It is read silently unless you read it at the beginning of something
- It has no signs (ء at the bottom or top)
- It is never at the middle of a word
Places of hamzatul Wasl:
- Words beginning with ال
- الرجل
- These specific words: اسم، ابن، امرأة، امرؤ (including their dual forms)
- Seeghah of أمر from a ثلاثي مجرد
- اقرأ
- فعل الماضي of a خماسي or سداسي word and their أمر and their مصدر
- اسْتَخْرَجَ
Hamzatul Qat’
- It is pronounced at all times
- It will have a sign (a ء at the bottom or top)
Places of hamzatul qat’
- All words apart from the above
- E.g. أَكْرَمَ
Hamzah in the middle of words
We must look at the harakaat to determine the placement of the ء
Rule:
If the hamzah has:
- Fatha or is saakinah after a fatha : you will write the ء on top of an ا
- سأل
- Kasrah or the letter before it has a kasrah: you will write it on a نبرة
- سُئل
- Dhammah or the letter before it has a dhammah: you will write it on a و
- مُؤاخذة
- Fatha after an alif: hamzah is not written on anything
- تساءل
Hamzah at the end of words
Hamzah is written Separately if there is a saakin letter before it
- ماء
- If hamzah has a dhammah before it : it is written on a و
- لؤلؤ
- If hamzah has a kasrah before it: written on a ي
- متهيِّئ
- Hamzah has a fatha before it
- ينشأ
If the words with ء at the end are in the state of نصب : sometimes there will be an alif added and sometimes there won’t be: it’s based on usage
Imam zamakhsari has said:
وَ إِثبات هذه الهمزات في الوصل خطأ فاحش
(Noted by S T A)
